HK2 and cancer: The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway regulates glycolysis by upregulating GLUT1 and GLUT4 expression, thereby enhancing glucose uptake and modulating the activity or expression of key glycolytic enzymes, including HK2, PFK1, and PFK2, thus playing an important role in glucose metabolism in cancer cells (22, 24, 25).