MR studies assess effects of lifelong differences in Lp(a) in general populations, but trials assess effects of short-term reductions in Lp(a) in high-risk participants.53 Therefore, results of MR studies of Lp(a) may not directly anticipate the effects of treatment in Lp(a)-lowering trials, especially for composite outcomes (including stroke and CHD), where the proportions of IS subtypes differ between East Asian and European individuals. This evidence concerns the gene LPA and coronary artery disorder.