STAT3 and neoplasm: The microbiota drive tumor progression through activation of the NF-κB/STAT3 pathway to induce chronic inflammation, modulation of the immune microenvironment (e.g., Treg/Th17 imbalance and M2-type macrophage polarization), and metabolite (e.g., LPS, short-chain fatty acids)–mediated hormonal and epigenetic regulation.