PTEN and granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Of note, epigenetic inhibition of PTEN has been shown to promote inflammation and activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (46), and PTEN also functions as a modulator of neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) in circulating neutrophils, which is a prominent pathophysiological process in patients with GPA (47, 48).