VEGFA and hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical studies have found that the levels of HSP70 and VEGF in the serum of pancreatic cancer patients are significantly increased (85), indicating that HSP70 may promote VEGF expression through specific mechanisms.In hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2, extracellular HSP70/HSP70-PCs can upregulate VEGF expression through the HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α) signaling pathway.