Comparing Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Lichen with Periodontitis, both potentially malignant transforming lesions showed significantly (p=0.029) increased IL-23R cell densities and Labeling Indices as well as a significantly increased CD163/CD11c ratio (p=0.029) (see Tables 1, 2, Figure 4). The gene discussed is IL23R; the disease is periodontitis.