In Model 3, after adjusting for all confounding factors, the OR was 12.936 (95% CI: 1.130, 148.125) and P = 0.040, suggesting that in male patients with T2DM, the risk of OP in the low-albumin group was 11.936-fold higher than that in the normal-albumin group (Table 6). Here, ALB is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.