ULK1 and neoplasm: Fusobacterium nucleatum is prevalent in feces and tumor tissues of colorectal cancer patients [255,256], which suppresses the expression of miR-18a* and miR-4802 through activation of the Toll-like receptor 4/Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (TLR4/MYD88) signaling pathway, leading to the up-regulation of autophagy-associated proteins ULK1 and ATG7, eventually activating autophagy and inducing chemotherapy resistance [257].