Additionally, our analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways identified that the upregulated DEGs on D1 and D7 post-infection both involved in pathways including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor, TNF signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, and phagosome (Fig 4A and 4B). Here, TNF is linked to infection.