Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that adoptive recipients of Tph-like and Tfh-like cells from Hu/Hu mice demonstrated an increase (compared to counterparts receiving T cells from Mu/Hu mice) in CD11c+ B cells, an effector B cell population otherwise known as age-associated B cells that is increased in association with human autoimmune diseases (Mouat et al., 2022; Karnell et al., 2017). Here, TPH1 is linked to autoimmune disease.