The E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in TAK1 signaling and regulation of NAFLD are TRIM31, TRIM16, TRIM8, TRAF6, and TRAF3, and the DUBs are USP4, USP18, USP13, and CYLD (Figure 1). The gene discussed is TRAF3; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.