This phenomenon was also confirmed in NAFLD, where researchers used PA to stimulate hepatocytes and found that TRAF6 promotes TAK1 autophosphorylation by catalyzing the K63-linked ubiquitination chain, promoting the expression of adipogenic genes (FASN, SCD1, PPARγ, ACC), inflammatory factors (IL-1β), and chemokine ligand 2 (CCl 2), and thus exacerbating hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Here, IL1B is linked to fatty liver disease.