TNF and Stroke: In addition, proinflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), besides being involved in the inflammatory response of IS, can activate endothelial cells’ normal anticoagulant and fibrinolytic properties, promoting thrombus formation, which could, in turn, lead to venous thrombosis and stroke (22).