These two drugs had remarkable success in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (4–6), and erlotinib was ultimately approved as a first-line treatment for NSCLC patients harboring EGFR exon 19 deletion or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations (7). This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.