Colon samples of both IBD entities showed the highest overlap of differentially abundant proteins (n=8: CCL20, CCL25, CXCL1, CXCL11, EN-RAGE, HGF, IL-24, and LAP TGF-beta-1), while no commonly regulated proteins were identified between ileal CD and colonic UC (Fig. 4b, Extended Data Fig. 4a). Here, S100A12 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.