BGT: Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test; BGT II: Bender Gestalt Test II; GISD B: General Intelligence and Short-Term Memory Diagnostic Battery; RCPM: Raven Colored Progressive Matrices; SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences; TNF alpha: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists classification; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; BVRT: Benton Visual Retention Test; DKA: Diabetic ketoacidosis; SCA: Sudden cardiac arrest; PM2.5: Particulate matter with a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers; N2O: Nitrous oxide. Here, TNF is linked to sudden cardiac arrest.