CARV has been shownto enhance the expression of microRNA-200a and SMAD7, which inhibitTGF-β1 signaling, thereby reducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) and collagen deposition in liver fibrosis models.7,38 Both SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent pathways, including PI3K/AKTand MAPK pathways, are activated by TGFβ1.39 Additionally, CARV mitigates oxidative stress and HSC activation,further supporting its antifibrotic effects.5,40. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD7 and Hepatic fibrosis.