AIF1 and columnar cell hyperplasia of the breast: Given the pivotal role of glial cell activation-mediated neuroinflammation in CCH-induced brain injury, the present study employed immunofluorescence staining of GFAP and Iba-1 to enumerate astrocytes and microglia, respectively, and ELISA to quantify the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β).