In addition to neurodegenerative diseases, PGRN deficiency promotes neuroinflammation and apoptosis, aggravating spinal cord injury by exacerbating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-6, reducing the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and elevating the expression of iNOS and p-p65 in macrophages/microglia (51). This evidence concerns the gene GRN and neurodegenerative disease.