GPT and metabolic syndrome: To investigate the effects of subgroups on the association between alcohol consumption and new-onset CKD, we performed subgroup analyses stratified by age and sex after adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, BMI, systolic BP, smoking, exercise, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, dyslipidemia, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and baseline eGFR (Figure 2).