Figure 3A shows that eight gene sets were significantly enriched at a nominal p-value < 0.05 in the GF5000 group. After GF5000 treatment, the top seven upregulated gene sets according to the normalized enrichment score (NES) had the highest overlapping genes involved in protein export, DNA replication, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, angiotensin system, etc. The expression levels of the core enrichment genes (GCK, BHLHA15, PKLR, SLC2A2) involved in maturity-onset diabetes of the young are shown in a heat map in Figure 3B. This evidence concerns the gene PKLR and type 2 diabetes mellitus.