ICAM‐1 is overexpressed in ductal epithelium in PCM and promotes infiltrating inflammatory cell homing to the ductal epithelium, which can lead to obvious degenerative changes, while ICAM‐2 and E‐selectin in ductal epithelium were no significant differences between PCM patients and normal controls [5, 25]. Here, ICAM1 is linked to paracoccidioidomycosis.