TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: By integrating these assays (SAA, NfL and TDP-43 assessment) with conventional diagnostic tests, we can hopefully move closer to developing precise biological fingerprints of ALS to overcome the current limitations of clinically driven diagnosis [50]. With continuous refinement, these innovative tools promise to increase diagnostic accuracy, patient stratification, and efficacy in clinical trials, ultimately improving outcomes for ALS patients.