Among the samples showing TDP-43 seeding activity, the comparison of fluorescence intensity revealed a statistically significant difference (p value < 0.0001) between MND (n = 38) and non-MND cases (n = 9, including 2 AD, 4 DLB, and 3 CTRLs) (Fig. 3A and Table 2). Here, TARDBP is linked to Lewy body dementia.