SMAD2 and glioma: Decreasing the viability of the U-87 cells and LN229 cells in a dose-dependent manner (from 1 μM to 40 μM),Obvious cytotoxicity (at 40 μM)Inhibiting migration and invasion of glioma cells in a dose-dependent manner (5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM)Increasing the percentage of apoptotic glioma cells: 12.2% (at 5 μM), 20.56% (at 10 μM), 31.14% (at 20 μM)Inducing the apoptosis by downregulating Bcl-2, and upregulating Bax and caspase-3Inhibiting the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner (5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM)