XIAP and glioblastoma: In an in vitro glioblastoma model, tetrandrine reduces the protein levels of c-FLIP, MCL-1, and XIAP [36]; inhibits key metastasis-related proteins (p-EGFR(Tyr1068), SOS-1, GRB2, Ras, p-AKT(Ser473), p-AKT(Thr308), NF-κB-p65, Snail, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, NF-κB, MMP-2, and MMP-9) [44]; and suppresses the neural stem cell properties of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs) by upregulating GSK3β and β-catenin [38].