However, this resistance can be mitigated by oxidized phosphatidylcholine (OxPC) produced during ferroptosis, which inhibits iNOS production by preventing NF-κB binding to the iNOS promoter (Friedl et al. 2006).While M1 macrophages are generally considered to exert anti-tumor effects in the TME, they can paradoxically facilitate tumorigenesis by releasing inflammatory mediators (Dai 2020; Su 2023; Taniguchi and Karin 2018). This evidence concerns the gene NOS2 and neoplasm.