HIF1A and glioblastoma: Iron plays a pivotal role in promoting GBM cell invasion by regulating key signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT, which drive cell migration.[59] Elevated iron levels support the activity of HIF‐1α, which enhances extracellular matrix remodeling,[60] angiogenesis, and motility, as well as metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade the extracellular matrix.