CD4 and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: These findings suggested that HTLV-1 might manipulate macrophage functions to favor recruitment of CD4+ T cells in HTLV-1 target tissue (Figure 6), such as CNS, skin, and lymphoid organs, during infection and development of HTLV-1-associated diseases (HAM/TSP, infectious dermatitis, and ATLL).