A recent study demonstrated that DDX6-associated viral RNA could stimulate a RIG-I-mediated type I IFN response [61], but other studies suggest that the cytoplasmic sensor MDA5 plays the principal role in sensing viral infection that ultimately results in the phosphorylation and activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), that can translocate to the nucleus and promotes the transcription of type-1 interferon genes [62]. Here, IRF3 is linked to viral infectious disease.