TOLLIP and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: This is not entirely unexpected as NAC is currently used to improve persistent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations [52] and has demonstrated efficacy in increasing survival in the primary composite end point of death, hospitalization, or decline in lung function for individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis associated with the rs3750920 (TOLLIP) TT genotype [53].