TLR4 and neoplasm: Yong et al. encapsulated nanomedicines within macrophage membranes [135], taking advantage of the natural signaling molecules (such as TLR4) carried on the macrophage membranes to interact with the tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting the polarization of M2-type tumor-associated macrophages to the anti-tumor M1 type, further activating the immune response, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting tumor growth.