AKT1 and osteosarcoma: Additionally, targeting the Ras/Akt/mTOR and Ras/ERK1/2/HIF-1α pathways with self-assembling nanoparticles encapsulating zoledronic acid (NZ) can simultaneously upregulate ABCA1 and downregulate ABCB1, thereby restoring drug sensitivity in doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma [62].