CAT and infectious otitis media: AOM exposure significantly reduced CAT levels to 92.33 μmol (95% CI: 81.13-103.53), while FSE treatment increased activity to 125 μmol (95% CI: 112.83–137.90) in G3 and 178.00 μmol (95% CI: 165.58–190.42) in G4, indicating effective oxidative stress mitigation (Figure 4B).