INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The treatment of patients with T2D with SGLT2is, including canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and sotagliflozin, may be prioritized for those with CKD due to their protective effects on renal function decline (Table 1), HF hospitalization, major cardiovascular events (MACEs), and cardiovascular death [60,117,118], while GLP-1 RAs are recommended for those with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, A1c ≥ 9%, or taking high insulin doses, as they offer additional cardiovascular benefits [106,128].