PTH and vitamin D deficiency: Another study, on 392 subjects with elevated PTH levels (F:M of 1.28:1; 56.21% females) found a positive correlation between MetS score and PTH in the entire group (β = 0.399, p = 0.030), and in distinct subgroups such as those with moderate physical activity (β = 0.413, p = 0.045), without vitamin D supplementation (β = 0.524, p = 0.028), without vitamin D deficiency (β = 0.456, p = 0.014), and with high protein intake (β = 0.586, p = 0.03) [42] (Table 7).