For example, ATRX-deficient gliomas may benefit from telomerase-targeting therapies, OLIG2 inhibition could improve glioblastoma treatment response, MGMT promoter methylation remains a key predictive biomarker for temozolomide efficacy, and IDH-mutant gliomas show promise for targeted metabolic interventions. The gene discussed is ATRX; the disease is glioblastoma.