CCL3 and malaria: The results showed a significant elevation in MIP-1α in malaria patients (n = 352) compared to uninfected individuals (n = 274) (p = 0.0112, random effects model, standardized mean difference [SMD]: 1.6866, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3777 to 2.9955, I2: 96.0%, number of studies: five, 626 individuals, Figure 2).