GSTM1 and anemia (phenotype): While mild to moderate injuries can often be managed conservatively with close monitoring—the vital signs monitored closely are heart rate, blood pressure, urine output, and IV fluids to maintain normovolemia—and crystalloids are preferred, as well as blood transfusion as needed for anemia (Hb < 7–8 g/dL), severe injuries necessitate surgical approaches, including nephrectomy.