CDKN2A and hepatocellular carcinoma: Similarly, methylation-based biomarkers, such as hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, such as septin 9 (SEPTIN9), Ras association domain family member 1 (RASSF1A), adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A/p16), give way for early HCC detection through blood-based assays [28].