Notably, spatial sequencing combined with RNA-seq has unveiled critical findings in LUAD, revealing that hMENA/hMENAΔv6 splicing isoforms exhibit elevated levels in cancer-associated fibroblasts within tumor tissues, alongside the high expression of stromal FN1 and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) that are preferentially localized in the peritumoral region. This evidence concerns the gene FN1 and neoplasm.