TNF and neoplasm: ‘N1’ TANs can express chemokines, such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin- 12 (IL-12), and recruit and activate CD8+ T cells, thereby activating the anti-tumor T-cell response [55].