CD274 and cancer: The best available protocol for adding ICIs to conventional treatments for HPV-associated vaginal cancer involves the use of pembrolizumab for PD-L1-positive tumors, as recommended by the NCCN guidelines, and considering combination strategies with chemotherapy or radiotherapy based on extrapolated data from other HPV-associated cancers due to the rarity of vaginal cancer and the limited number of specific studies available [66].