PRKN and Parkinson disease: Consistent with prior studies [6,45,46], we observed notable PRKN variant allele frequencies in AMR and NFE populations, with the pathogenic variant p.Arg275Trp being most prevalent (AF = 9.84 × 10−4 in FIN, 3.73 × 10−3 in NFE) These findings support PRKN as the most common autosomal recessive juvenile PD gene, accounting for ~27.6% of cases in European cases [6,46].