Unlike FCDII (mTOR-associated, e.g., PIK3CA/AKT3) mutations [32] affected by the mTOR pathway, FCDIII exhibits genetic heterogeneity (LRPPRC, UNC13C) and dual pathology (tumors/vascular malformations) with indirect mTOR linkage because mTOR drives FCDII cytopathology (e.g., balloon cells), and FCDIII pathogenesis involves broader somatic and mosaic mechanisms. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and vascular malformation.