IL6 and colitis: EVs extracted from Solanum nigrum were found to act as anti-inflammatory by decreasing the pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 against lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammation [38] and EVs secreted by garlic were also found to act as an anti-colitis treatment by inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, such as the biomarkers IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ [33], which is in accordance with the results of a previous study.