Therefore, investigating the inhibitory effects of ginseng root-derived nanoparticles (GDNPs) on melanoma revealed that GDNPs induced M1-like macrophage polarization through the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4/myeloid differentiation antigen 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway and enhanced total reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as a means of inducing apoptosis in mouse melanoma cells [42]. Here, MYD88 is linked to melanoma.