ATF1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: It should be noted that the T2DM group received a combination treatment of metformin and SBU for eight weeks (T2DM+met+SBU group) amplified the NRF2/PGC1α/ATF1/Ascl2 expression level (Figure 6h–l) and declined the NOX1/NLRP3/CCK8/COX2/Ccl2/PTGS2/EGFR (Figure 6m–s).