The antitumor efficacy of MUC28z CAR-T cells has been validated both in vitro and in vivo, showing increased expression of CD25, CD11c, and PD-1, along with decreased levels of CXCR4 and CD62L, significant tumor growth reduction, and enhanced production of IFN-γ and GZMB [235]. Here, CXCR4 is linked to neoplasm.