In the RGD + aPD-1-treated mice, the average frequencies of Ki67+ cells among the glioma-infiltrating effector, central memory (CM) and naïve CD8+ T cells were increased, indicating augmented proliferation of these cell subsets, with the latter population showing a statistically significant increase compared with the vehicle controls (Fig. 4D-E). This evidence concerns the gene MKI67 and central nervous system cancer.