Mitochondrial dysfunction canlead to dopaminergic neuron loss.43,44 Mutationsin Parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, LRRK2, α-synuclein genesimpair mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics.45−47 MitochondrialDNA haplogroups mutations and bioenergetic deficits can further contributeto PD progression.45,48,49. This evidence concerns the gene PINK1 and Parkinson disease.