Studies have shown that m5C regulators can predict the clinical prognostic risk of lung cancer and regulate the tumor immune microenvironment.11, 12, 13 The expressions of two m5C regulators, NSUN3 and NSUN4, were significantly higher in lung cancer tissues than in normal groups, and this increase is associated with clinicopathological features and survival.14 This evidence concerns the gene NSUN4 and lung cancer.