A theranostic nanoplatform is formulated with NIR‐II emissive lipophilic cyanine dye IRC18 to intercalate into genetically engineered IL12/CSF1R‐macrophage membrane‐liposome hybrid nanovesicles, which assists to achieve blood–brain barrier crossing, glioblastoma targeting, NIR‐II fluorescence imaging, image‐guided membrane‐targeted mild photothermal therapy to ablate primary brain tumors, and modulation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment via CSF‐1‐CSF1R axis blocking and IL12 enrichment for boosted immunotherapy. Here, CSF1R is linked to glioblastoma.