Both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells that are targets for viral and intracellular bacterial infections express cytosolic sensors NOD1 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–containing protein 1) and NOD2 (43) and express nucleic acid–sensing receptors, such as RIG-I (retinoic acid–inducible gene I), MDA-5 (melanoma differentiation–associated protein 5), and cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) (44). This evidence concerns the gene CGAS and bacterial infectious disease.